Hydrogen Road Tour in Chattanooga

Monday two of my students (Shuguang Ji and Casey Langford) and I went to the Hydrogen Road Tour in Chattanooga (http://hydrogenroadtour08.dot.gov/). For a couple of hours about a half dozen hydrogen powered cars (internal combustion and fuel cell) were displayed and demonstrated. It was quite an impressive demo, if you could ignore the tractor trailers with giant hydrogen tanks that accompanied them. This certainly demonstrates the chicken or egg challenge associated with developing cars first or hydrogen infrastructure. Not every H2 car can have a "station" following them wherever they go. Regardless, the vehicles were silent and local pollution free. It was also interesting seeing the different technology strategies involved, like the hydrogen gas powered fuel cell cars, with high pressure tanks, and BMW's internal combustion engine with very cool liquid hydrogen. The engineer told me the tank is so insulated that it would take 80 days for a cup of boiling coffee to become drinkable inside. Pretty amazing. At any rate, the reason I attended was to brush up on some of the technology, along with infrastructure challenges for a research project I am working on with Casey, along with Wayne Davis here in the Civil Engineering department. We are identifying infrastructure and fleet challenges associated with developing a hydrogen powered bus fleet in Knoxville. On a semi-related note, I've seen a few stories about using baking soda/water mixture that can supposedly boost fuel efficiency by 10-100%. I have been thinking about trying it out on my new moster truck (what do I have to lose?). I came across this PM article that tests it and so far has debunked it as a myth that violates thermodynamic laws.

http://www.popularmechanics.com/automotive/how_to/4276846.html?series=19

If I decide to go for it, it might be a fun experiment.

E-Scooters vs Motorbikes in Vietnam

With the price of gasoline increasing by over 30% in Vietnam, former e-scooter skeptics are re-considering whether e-bikes will enter the market and what affect they might have on local air quality. Here is my take that I just posted on the Sustran listserve.

E-bikes emit a less on almost all levels than motorbikes. Some recent work we've been doing in China shows that e-bikes emit 1/3 the CO2 as a motorbike. Similar improvements can be seen on almost all local pollutants with the exception of SO2, which has comparable rates, but this highly depends on local electricity generation mix. Another issue where e-bikes have an advantage is the ability for agencies to manage a few point emission sources (power plants), compared to millions of tailpipes. Finally, emissions from power plants are generally more remote and thus populations have less exposure to the pollutant than ground-level tailpipe emissions in dense urban areas. In the context of local "tailpipe" emissions electric bikes/scooters/motorbikes perform much better than gasoline motorbikes.

Lead pollution on the other hand is where electric bikes do not perform so well. This is something that the Vietnam EPA is addressing by developing a lead acid battery recycling system that encourages take-back into the "formal" sector, rather than backyard recyclers. I am working with them on this along with the development of an eco-label for sustainable battery production with an NGO, OK International (www.okinternational.org). Whether the Vietnamese can succeed in managing a "clean" lead battery supply chain is uncertain but they are certainly making an effort to address it, before e-bikes flood the market. Because of Vietnam's poor recycling infrastructure, a lot of lead scrap in Vietnam is being exported (illegally) to China, but that could change as more recyclers enter the market. It could be beneficial to begin looking at new battery technology for this new market, now that Lead has gotten expensive and Li-ion is coming down in price. One still has to address the recycling problem, but Li-ion could be more manageable than Lead.

There is also some work in progress looking at some market analysis, using a stated preference survey that we conducted in June. The initial results actually show quite a strong preference for e-scooters, based on performance, cost and other metrics. I will send an email to this listserve when I have a report with some solid findings.

To summarize, e-scooters will improve local air quality, energy efficiency, and GHG emissions in Vietnam (perhaps also improving cost effectiveness of travel and safety at the same time). Introducing e-vehicles into the cities will increase lead pollution, simply because most current e-scooters use large lead batteries, frequently. The cost of alternative technology (Li-ion) is coming down, potentially leading to more adoption (maybe with the help of regulators). Also, Vietnam policy makers have been more pro-active than most in addressing lead problems in the past couple of years (in my opinion), so there is a higher chance that there will be a robust take-back policy like we see in the North America or Europe, and hopefully this will lead to high rates of formal recycling.

Birthdays Party

It is the Birthday season in the Cherry household. Julie's is July 12th, Chris' is July 30th, Kylie's is August 10th, and Avah's is August 13th. So we have one birthday party after another. Julie's was at...well Chris' friends house, a big reunion of all the childhood buds. Chris' was up in the Smokey mountains on a camping trip. Avah and Kylie get to share their party because they happen to be three days apart. We had a "water fun" party. Basically a bunch of kids, old and young jumping around in the water. Everyone had tons of fun, even if the birthday girls were a little slow waking up from their afternoon naps. So we have a "wonderful" two year old and soon to be four year old. We also went fishing on the boat today and Avah got to reel in her first fish, about an 8" smallmouth bass.

Catching up with the Joneses

So, we went there. I used to be a bass fisherman and be on the water several times a month. I went to college in Berkeley and it became too difficult to get connected with fishing clubs etc, not that I had any time between kids and grad school. As a result, my fishing gear collected dust and I only went out a couple of times in several years, fishing from the shore and not having much luck. One of the problems is that I'm used to fishing from a boat. Well, my dad hadn't been using a boat much so last week he offered to lend it to us, and we took him up on that offer. We had it shipped out and it arrived last Saturday...only problem is that we didn't have a vehicle to launch with. My Vespa wouldn't do it and our Chevy Malibu wasn't able. So we were shopping for something that could pull a boat...dare I say SUV. Yes, we were shopping for an SUV, which started with a mid sized Land Rover, then to a Dodge Durango. No luck on any of these. What did we get...a huge Ford Expedition. OK, this was bigger than we wanted, but it had what we needed, pulling power and a third row. This is the best time to buy a gas guzzler, but I was slightly embarrassed driving it today. On top of that, it defies what I would consider my moral fabric. See this link to know what I mean http://christiansandclimate.org/. OK, my only rationalization (not justification) is that it will be parked 9 out of 10 days. OK, this thing also is 10 years old and has 152,000 miles and cost us $3100 so it hopefully won't depreciate much more. I think this is a good time to buy a gas guzzler. I am going to do a little experiment and see if the "vehicle effect" will actually increase my household's vehicle miles traveled (VMT) like the travel demand models predict. Check back in a year on that one. For what it's worth, here is the beast and our new boat that we took out today for the first time. We are trying not to catch up with the Joneses, but we are living blocks from a lake and a boat is going to be tons of fun for the family and me.